![]() The name was later abbreviated to Sudoku (数独), taking only the first kanji of compound words to form a shorter version. The puzzle was introduced in Japan by Maki Kaji ( 鍜治 真起, Kaji Maki), president of the Nikoli puzzle company, in the paper Monthly Nikolist in April 1984 as Sūji wa dokushin ni kagiru ( 数字は独身に限る), which can be translated as "the digits must be single", or as "the digits are limited to one occurrence" (In Japanese, dokushin means an "unmarried person"). Whether or not Garns was familiar with any of the French newspapers listed above is unclear. He died in 1989 before getting a chance to see his creation as a worldwide phenomenon. Garns's name was always present on the list of contributors in issues of Dell Pencil Puzzles and Word Games that included Number Place, and was always absent from issues that did not. The modern Sudoku was most likely designed anonymously by Howard Garns, a 74-year-old retired architect and freelance puzzle constructor from Connersville, Indiana, and first published in 1979 by Dell Magazines as Number Place (the earliest known examples of modern Sudoku). These weekly puzzles were a feature of French newspapers such as L'Écho de Paris for about a decade, but disappeared about the time of World War I. Although they were unmarked, each 3×3 subsquare did indeed comprise the numbers 1–9, and the additional constraint on the broken diagonals led to only one solution. It simplified the 9×9 magic square puzzle so that each row, column, and broken diagonals contained only the numbers 1–9, but did not mark the subsquares. On July 6, 1895, Le Siècle 's rival, La France, refined the puzzle so that it was almost a modern Sudoku and named it carré magique diabolique ('diabolical magic square'). It was not a Sudoku because it contained double-digit numbers and required arithmetic rather than logic to solve, but it shared key characteristics: each row, column and subsquare added up to the same number. Le Siècle, a Paris daily, published a partially completed 9×9 magic square with 3×3 subsquares on November 19, 1892. Number puzzles appeared in newspapers in the late 19th century, when French puzzle setters began experimenting with removing numbers from magic squares. ![]() newspaper, and then The Times (London), in 2004, thanks to the efforts of Wayne Gould, who devised a computer program to rapidly produce unique puzzles.įrom La France newspaper, July 6, 1895: The puzzle instructions read, "Use the numbers 1 to 9 nine times each to complete the grid in such a way that the horizontal, vertical, and two main diagonal lines all add up to the same total." Predecessors However, the modern Sudoku only began to gain widespread popularity in 1986 when it was published by the Japanese puzzle company Nikoli under the name Sudoku, meaning "single number". ![]() The puzzle setter provides a partially completed grid, which for a well-posed puzzle has a single solution.įrench newspapers featured variations of the Sudoku puzzles in the 19th century, and the puzzle has appeared since 1979 in puzzle books under the name Number Place. In classic Sudoku, the objective is to fill a 9 × 9 grid with digits so that each column, each row, and each of the nine 3 × 3 subgrids that compose the grid (also called "boxes", "blocks", or "regions") contain all of the digits from 1 to 9. The results showed that the Sudoku learning design with illustrations of labyrinthine multipath could help students understand Sudoku rules and enhance their learning interest in Sudoku.Sudoku ( / s uː ˈ d oʊ k uː, - ˈ d ɒ k-, s ə-/ Japanese: 数独, romanized: sūdoku, lit.'digit-single' originally called Number Place) is a logic-based, combinatorial number-placement puzzle. The study used a single group pre-test and formal test design to investigate the difference in students’ learning effectiveness of Sudoku rules before and after they played Sudoku games.This study used a self-developed ARCS learning motivation scale to analyze the effect of Sudoku game on students’ learning motivation, and conducted in-depth interviews with three students with low learning achievement to observe their learning process and how their learning interest was aroused. The research subjects were a total of 73 elementary school third graders in Miaoli County in Taiwan. The main purpose of this study is to integrate the concept of illustrations of labyrinthine multipath into the interface design of rules teaching of Sudoku to complete the learning design of Sudoku games. Sudoku novices tend to fail to focus on understanding the operation rules because the grid, words, and numbers of Sudoku are too complicated. ![]() ![]() In addition to offering entertainment, it also attracts players to solve more challenging Sudoku questions. Sudoku is an intelligence game that has fascinated many people. ![]()
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